Distribution
Ukraine (introduced), United States of America (introduced)

Native to: Transcaucasus, Turkey.
Introduced into: Austria, Belgium, British Columbia, California, Central European Rus, Connecticut, Czechoslovakia, Delaware, Denmark, District of Columbia, France, Germany, Great Britain, Idaho, Ireland, Maryland, Michigan, Netherlands, New York, Northwest European R, Ohio, Ontario, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Poland, Québec, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, Vermont, Washington, West Virginia.

Perennials. Stems creeping, 5–50 cm, eglandular- and glandular-hairy. Leaves: blade suborbiculate, 4–13 × 4–14 mm, base cordate, margins crenate-serrate, teeth (2 or)3–5(or 6) per side, apex rounded, surfaces sparsely eglandular- and/or glandular-hairy. Racemes 1–6, terminal, 50–500 mm, 10–20-flowered, axis sparsely eglandular- and/or glandular-hairy; bracts suborbiculate, 4–13 mm. Pedicels patent or recurved, (15–)20–30 mm, length 2–5 times subtending bract, eglandular- and glandular-hairy. Flowers: calyx lobes 4–7 mm, 1.5–2.5 mm wide, apex rounded, sparsely glandular-hairy to glabrate; corolla blue-violet to pale blue and white, 8–14 mm diam.; stamens 2.1–2.5 mm; style 3–4 mm. Capsules compressed in cross section, subglobular, 3.5–5 × 5.5–6.5 mm, apex emarginate, sinus angle 50–90°, absent or almost smooth, glabrous or glandular-ciliate. Seeds (2–)6–14(–18), ochre, ovoid, flat to ± excavate, 1.3–1.7 × 1–1.3 mm, 0.6–0.8 mm thick, rugose to rugulose. 2n = 14 (Europe).

Phenology: Flowering (Mar–)Apr–Jun(–Aug).
Habitat: Moist lawns and meadows, waste fields, stream banks.
Elevation: 0–1000 m.

(Flora of North America)